Calcium Citrate has been shown to maintain strong bones.
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body, found primarily in teeth and bones. This mineral is essential for the formation and maintenance of healthy bones and teeth, particularly in infancy and childhood (DRI, 1997; Krook et al., 1972; Marz, 1997; Shils et al., 1999; Thompson, 2007; TPD, 1996).
Calcium citrate is better absorbed and tolerated more than calcium carbonate, found in 85% of all calcium supplements. Boonen et al, Osteopor Int 2006 17:13 Shangraw & Carrel, Amer Pharm 1987 27.

Magnesium has been shown to maintain strong bones.
Magnesium is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body and is essential to good health. It is a factor in nerve impulse transmission, in protein synthesis and as a required cofactor for over 300 enzyme systems. This mineral also plays an important role in the maintenance of bone strength (DRI, 1997; Groff and Gropper, 2000; National Institute of Health, 2005). Women with osteoporosis have been found to have lower bone magnesium content. Cohen and Kitzes, Israel J Med Sci 1981:17 Stendig-Lindberg et al, Magnesium Research 1993:6.

Glucosamine has been shown to decrease joint pain.
Evidence that orally administered glucosamine may be effective in decreasing joint pain has been accumulating for 30–40 years (Deal and Moskowitz, 1999).
Glucosamine is usually taken orally and human pharmacokinetic data shows that 90% of it is absorbed (Setnikar and Rovarti, 2001).

MSM has been shown to support Glucosamine in decreasing joint pain.
The Natural Health Products Directorate [NHPD] has issued a monograph for MSM which indicates that orally administered MSM may offer beneficial effects to bone health.
MSM can help relieve the pain associated with osteoarthritis in general and specifically of the knee (NHPD, 2007).
Studies documented in the scientific literature have shown that MSM may provide an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect in osteoarthritis. Also, MSM used in combination with glucosamine has been shown to be effective in reducing pain, swelling and improve overall functioning of the joints (Usha, 2004).

Collagen has been shown to strengthen bone cartilage.
Collagen is the primary structural protein found in the connective tissues in the body, including skin, bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments. (Moskowitz, 2000; SupplementWatch, 2007).
This supplementation may be especially beneficially when the cartilage is under considerable stress such as osteoarthritis and in athletes (Adam, 1991; Gotz, 1982; Krug, 1989; Moskowitz, 2000; Oberschelp, 1985; Oesser, 2005; Oesser and Seifert, 2003; Oesser et al., 1999).

Parsley has been shown to strengthen bones.
Parsley is also reported to be an excellent source of bone strengthening nutrients including boron, fluoride and vitamin K1 (Gruenwald et al., 1998; Meyer et al., 2006).

Stinging Nettle has been shown to decrease joint pain.
Stinging Nettle leaf contains a compound that has been found to suppress the expression of matrix metalloproteinases related to inflammatory joint disease. Schulze-Janzil et al, Histol Histopathol 2002:17.

German chamomile has been shown to increase bone strength.
German chamomile may also affect bone health. Evidence from in vitro studies suggests that German chamomile may exhibit an antiestrogenic effect on bone to increase bone formation and strength. Consequently, German chamomile may be a natural alternative to conventional hormone replacement therapy for the prevention of bone loss during menopause (Breastcancer.org, 2007; Kassi et al., 2004).

Vitamin D3 has been shown to reduce hip fractures.
Vitamin D3 with calcium supplementation has been found to reduce hip fractures by 60%. Dawson-Hughes et al, Am J Clin Nutr 1995:61.

Vitamin K2 has been shown to decrease bone loss.
Vitamin K can have beneficial effects on bone health. It is able to induce bone formation and reduce urinary calcium excretion (Booth, 1997; Bugel, 2003; Vermeer et al., 1992). Vitamin K2 is more powerful than K1 at increasing bone building and decreasing bone loss. Plaza and Lamson, Alt Med Review 2005 10:1. Kanai et al, Int J Gynecol Obstet 1997:56 Schurgers et al, Blood 2006 109:8 Booth et al, Am J Clin Nutr 2003 77.